Assume 3 examples to explain the classes of IP address, how we can calculate the total network and hosts IDs in each class using shortest methods do all the necessary steps and use concepts to explain the worth of each class.

IP address:

IP addresses are unique numeric code that assign to your each device in your network, it can be public or private, because not every computer or device assign public ip address, the main key difference is that public ip is the main address which you buy from any API like zong 4G etc.

The are two types of ip addresses

                                                             Ipv4                        ipv6

Ipv4 is 32 bit having 4 octets in each address and Ip 6 having 132 bit and having 8 octets.

Due to excessive use of internet and most of the devices gone to the internet that’s why the Ipv 6 introduced

Example of ip address:

As we having a phone number which is unique number for each other in the same way every device in a network have unique ip address for communication. Like every number have area code and id, in the same way every ip contains network id and the number of host id.

There are 5 main classes of ip classes A to C allocated ip address for enterprise home etc, class D for multicasting and class E reserve for future. The main purpose of division of ip in different classes to identify the main claims in future. Like if there is any issue cyber issues or any crime occur it should be easily determine that this ip belongs to which class and then the targeted area for investigation will be shortest.

Class “A” calculation with the help of example:

For example we creating local network with the range of 1^st class.

This class start from 0 to 127 so there is number of host

are as follows:

The representation of class “A” N.H.H.H

which means there is 1 octet for netwrok id and other 3 determines the host id.

How we calculate the network id of class “A”:

Class A: 00000000.H.H.H

We fix 1s bit as “0” which never be change because if its change it will may lie on other class range. So when we fix

1^st bit it will be determines the range of class A other will be change

Like

0

7bit HOST

24 bit HOST

 For network id calculation:

2^7-2 = 126 network ID

For HOST id calculation:

There is 3 octet which determines the host id and one octet equals 8 bit and 3 octet will be equals to 24 bit so the according to the formula of calculation host id in 1^st class will be

2^24-2 = 17,777,214 host id

Class “B” calculation with the help of example:

Class “B” starts from 128 and end 191 so the range of host and network id is always fix.

The representation of class “A” N.N.H.H

How we calculate the network id of class “B”:

Class B: 10000000.H.H.H

Which means there is 2 octet of network id and 2 octet of host id.

In the same way we calculate class “A” we calculate the class “ B netwrok and  host id in class “B” we fix 1^st 2 bit which is “10” and other will be change so this way class “B” always lie in the class “B” address range.

Like

10

14 bit HOST

16  bit HOST

 

For network id calculation:

1^st 2 octet of network id and for calculation we fix the 1^st 2 bit of 1^st octet as “10” which is shown above, so according to formula:

2^14-2 = 16384 network ID

For HOST id calculation:

There is 2 octet which determines the host id and one octet equals 8 bit and 2 octet will be equals to 16 bit so the according to the formula of calculation host id in 1^st class will be

2^14-2 = 65534 host id

Class “C” calculation with the help of example:

In this class “C” there is 3 octets of network id and 1 octet reserve for host id

The representation of class “C” N.N.N.H

How we calculate the network id of class “C”:

Class C: 11000000.H.H.H

Which means 1^st 3 octets represents network id and last represent host id. For calculation of the we fix 1^st 3 bits of the network id so 1^st 3 bit not change other will be change that’s why it will not lie in other class range.

Like

110

14 bit HOST

16  bit HOST

 

For network id calculation:

1^st 2 octet of network id and for calculation we fix the 1^st 2 bit of 1^st octet as “10” which is shown above, so according to formula:

2^21-2 = 2097152 network ID

Class “C” calculation with the help of example:

In this class “C” there is 3 octets of network id and 1 octet reserve for host id

The representation of class “C” N.N.N.H

How we calculate the network id of class “C”:

Class C: 11000000.H.H.H

Which means 1^st 3 octets represents network id and last represent host id. For calculation of the we fix 1^st 3 bits of the network id so 1^st 3 bit not change other will be change that’s why it will not lie in other class range.

Like

110

14 bit HOST

16  bit HOST

 

For network id calculation:

1^st 2 octet of network id and for calculation we fix the 1^st 2 bit of 1^st octet as “10” which is shown above, so according to formula:

2^21-2 = 2097152 network ID

For HOST id calculation:

There is 1 octet which determines the host id and one octet equals 8 bit so the according to the formula of calculation host id in 1^st class will be

2^8-2 = 254 host id