Explain the role of IP address, subnet mask, classes of IP Address. Assume a scenario of company network with an example of IP addresses then explain it thoroughly as per your expert opinion.

IP addresses are unique numeric code that assign to your each device in your network, it can be public or private, because not every computer or device assign public i.p address, the main key difference is that public ip is the main address which you buy from any API like zong 4G etc.

The are two types of ip addresses

   Ipv 4                                                               

2)       ipv 6     

Ipv4 is 32 bit having 4 octets in each address and Ipv 6 having 132 bit and having 8 octet.

Due to excessive use of internet and most of the devices gone to the internet that’s why the Ipv 6 introduced

Example of ip address:

As we having a phone number which is unique number for each other in the same way every device in a network have unique ip address for communication. Like every number have area code and id, in the same way every ip contains network id and the number of host id.

There are 5 main classes of ip classes A to C allocated ip address for enterprise home etc, class D for multicasting and class E reserve for future. The main purpose of division of ip in different classes to identify the main claims in future. Like if there is any issue cyber issues or any crime occur it should be easily determine that this ip belongs to which class and then the targeted area for investigation will be shortest.

In this above diagram

There is 5 classes of ip4 which contains different subnet mask and different range of ip address.

In 1^st class there is only 1 network id and remaining 3 are host id, in 2^nd class there is 2 host id and 2 network id, in 3^rd there is 3 for network id and 1 for host id.

Every ip can be created its more networks which is private according to its subnet mask, which clearly defines that how many network and host id we can be add in it.

The key point is that there is 1 ip address which is considered as loopback address which is 127.0.0.0.

Subnet:

So as I explained in above example the classes of ip address and also mention its subnet mask as well. So actually sub net mask is the concept of division of the ip address in to host and network id, as I also discuss in the example of phone number and ip that further divides. So the subletting is called the further division of the ip address into network id and host id, network Id is the main id which identifies the number of networks and the host id identify the number of more devices we can add in the network by assigning unique private ip address.

Example of IP ADDRESS:

I am working as a network admin at PGC Okara so I have to establish network here according to the scenario of ip allocation and subletting as well. And have to create it secure as well.

I will defiantly concern with internet service provider buy network id which is I buy from the zong company I contract with them for internet connection but before that I keep in mind the kind of network, which is LAN and also have to determine either it would be the wired or wireless connection. Because campuses are too near to each other so it would not be to wide network. so for ip division I have to reserve few ip for the students and few for staff and few for management so I dedifferentiate easily rom which ip what kind of material work had done. Like for student ip’s usually block YouTube and Facebook from the college only few learning website access given to the students but not all rules are for the teachers, so assigned few address to the specific teachers via adding in there MAC address and because I cannot add a lot of student mac address which may be allow to use via phone or from system but can be add college computer lab and restrict the access from few specific websites.

So my main ip address which I buy will may be 192.168.8.1  and there is few specific range of ip address which I created in privately which is include in my internet package .